ࡱ> XlW[ .0|Ibjbj .fΐΐooo 4DP44|bbb$ Fuob^bbbUb8obW0guBhk0 L  obbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbb : Nuclear Energy 'F1 '*E The burning of coal is very wasteful of energy, 3H2'F/F 0:'D 3F (3'1 ( A'/G '2 'F1 '3*. This can be realized when we remember that one pound of coal burned in the furnace of a power station will raise enough steam to drive a generator that will produce enough current to light a one-bar electric fire for three hours. 'F 1' E *H'F E*H,G 2E'F G E'(G '//'4*G ('4/ G  ~HF/ 0:'D 3F /1H1G '2 F1H'G (1B (G "*4 4/G .H'G/ 4/. 'A2'4 (.'1 "( (G 'F/'2G 'A (G 1'FF/  F1'*H1 '3* G /1-'D -'61 (G 'F/'2G 'A (1' 1H4F 1/F  FH'1 "*4 (1B (G E/* 3G 3'9* *HD/ F/. On the other hand, if all the energy in the atoms of a pound of coal be released, there should be enough energy to drive all the machinery in all the factories in Britain for a month. '23H /1'1 *E'E 'F1 /1'*E '2 ~HF/ 0:'D 3F EF*41 E 4H/ (G 'F/'2G 'A (G /1'H *E'E E'4F 'D'* /1 *E'E '1.'FG G' /1 (1*'F' (G 5H1* E'G ('/ H,H/ /'4*G ('4/. In simple words, all this means that one pound of any element or compound of elements, if completely converted into energy by breaking up the atoms would release the same amount of heat as the burning of 1,500,000 tons of coal. (G 2('F 3'/G *E'E 'F E9F G  ~HF/'2G1 9F51 (' *1( 9F'51 '1 (G 7H1'ED (G 'F12 G' 43*F '*E *(/D (G GE'F EB/'11E' (G "*4 4/F 1.500.000 *F 0:'D 3F 1' "2'/F/. Scientists have calculated that if a bucket of sand from the beach could be completely converted into energy, and if the energy so obtained was used to drive electric generators, enough current would be produced to supply the whole of Europe for five years. /'F4EF/'F E-'3(G 1/G 'F/ G '1  37D 4F HE'3G '2 3'-D E*H'F/ (7H1 'ED (G 'F1 *(/D 4/G H/15H1* G 'F1 (/3* "E/G (G /1"H F1'*H1 'D*1 /1-'D -'61 (G 'F/'2G 'A EH1/ '3*A'/G B1'1 1A E *H'F (G *HD/ 916G D '1H~' (G E/* ~F, 3'D . In other words, a bucket of san contains enough energy to generators, thousand million pounds worth of electricity (G 9('1* /1   37D 4F HE'3G 4'ED 'F1 'A (1' *HD/  G2'1 EDHF ~HF/ '124 (1B '3* Albert Einstein was the first man to realize the vast amount of energy locked in the atom. "D(1* 'F4*F 'HDF E1/ (H/ G (1' *-BB (.4/F (G EB/'1 2'/ '2 'F1  HFG 'F1 '*E EEF '3* "2'/ 4/G '3*. Einstein was also the first to show in theory how the energy of the atom might be released. "D(1* 'F4*F GEFF (1' 'HDF ('1 (G FE'4 /1 *&H1 HFG 'F1 '*E EEF '3*  '2'/ 4/ H1A* Indeed without Einstein s theory , which was the result of many complicated mathematical calculations, there would never have been any practical application of nuclear power /1H'B9 (/HF F81G 'F4*F G /1 F*,G (3'1 '2 E-'3('* ~/G 1'6 H,H/ /'1/  G12 G '1(1/ 9DE 'F1 G3*G ' (H/G '3*. In 1905, which was many years before other scientists really understood a great deal about atomic energy, Einstein declared that if a given mass of matter was destroyed, an enormous amount of energy would be obtained. /13'D1905 G 3'DG' B(D '2 /'F4EF/'F /1 H'B9' /1 2'/ /1EH1/ 'F4*F 'F1 '*E '9D'E 1/ G '1  ,1E A16 '2E'/G F'(H/ 4/ EB/'1 2'/ '2 'F1 (G H,H/ "H1/. To support this theory, Einstein worked out what is probably the most important equation in the history of mathematics (1' F3(* 'F *&H1 F3* 9DE '1 EF/  '2 "FG G '-*E'D' EGE*1F E9'/DG /1*'1. 1'6'* '3*. However, it was by no means a complicated equation. (' 'F -'D (G G H,G  E9'/DG ~/G (H/ Here it is: E=MC2. Turned into simple language, Einstein s equation means that energy. (E) is equal to mass 46 <Z\^®{{lXIl7"hBchHuCJOJQJZaJo(hBch~kCJOJQJaJ&hBch$aCJOJQJZ_H)aJo(hBch$aCJOJQJaJ"hBch$aCJOJQJZaJo("hBchDYCJOJQJZaJo(hBchDYCJOJQJaJ&hBch CJOJQJZ_H)aJo(&hBchDYCJOJQJZ_H)aJo((hEihH56CJOJQJ\]aJ(hEihDY56CJOJQJ\]aJ46 <\B$a$gd3gd3$a$gd`Ogd4$a$gd~kgd~kgd$a$a$gd$a$a$gdDYgdDY$a$gdDY^DܻsbQ=b, hBcheCJOJQJ_H)aJ&hBch3CJOJQJZ_H)aJo( hBch$aCJOJQJ_H)aJ hBch3CJOJQJ_H)aJ hBch\cCJOJQJ_H)aJ&hBchCJOJQJZ_H)aJo(&hBch`OCJOJQJZ_H)aJo(hBch4CJOJQJaJhBch`OCJOJQJaJ"hBch~kCJOJQJZaJo("hBchHuCJOJQJZaJo("hBch4CJOJQJZaJo(BDXZn !f"h""&#(#j0gd)gd/$a$gd/gd&gdY$a$gdY$a$gdVRWgdVRW$a$gdegd3$a$gd3 ZnǶۃr^J^9 hBchYCJOJQJ_H)aJ&hBch(uqCJOJQJZ_H)aJo(&hBchYCJOJQJZ_H)aJo( hBch(uqCJOJQJ_H)aJ hBch+xCJOJQJ_H)aJ hBcheCJOJQJ_H)aJ hBchVRWCJOJQJ_H)aJ hBch4CJOJQJ_H)aJ&hBcheCJOJQJZ_H)aJo(&hBchVRWCJOJQJZ_H)aJo( hBch3CJOJQJ_H)aJn !\!!!!h""(#$0h0>1T2V2`3d3f3ǶǶ~jVjB&hBchMCJOJQJZ_H)aJo(&hBch)CJOJQJZ_H)aJo(&hBchCJOJQJZ_H)aJo(U hBchCJOJQJ_H)aJ&hBch/CJOJQJZ_H)aJo( hBch&CJOJQJ_H)aJ hBch/CJOJQJ_H)aJ hBchACJOJQJ_H)aJ&hBchYCJOJQJZ_H)aJo(&hBch&CJOJQJZ_H)aJo((M) multiplied by the speed of light squared (C2). /1'F ,' G 'F4*F (G 2('F 3'/G *(/D E9'/DG (1' E9F G 'F12 1'(G ,1E 61( /1319* FH1E1(9 (1'(1'3* (' This means that if all the energy in, for example, one gram of an element could be released, it would present an enormous value of power. 'F (/'F E9F '3* G '1 *E'E 'F1 /1 (G 9FH'F E+'D  DH1E '2 9F51 1' E *H'F EF*41 1/ H(G  EB/'12'/ B/1* '1'&G 4/G '3*. B. Word study: Definitions Nuclear Coming from or having to do with the nucleus an atom energy that can be released from the nucleus of an atom an en closed structure in which heat is produced G '2 H'F'2 (G '1 (' G3*G  '*E '3* G E *H'F/ '2 G3*G '*E  3'.*'1 E-5H1 /1 .4 '3* G /1"F 1E' "2'/ 4/G *HD/ E 4H/. Generator Machine by which mechanical energy is changed into electrical energy /3*'G' G 'F1 E'F 1' (G 'F1 'D*1 *:1 /'/G '3*. Machinery Machines or parts of machines E'4F "D'* H B79'* E'4F 'D'* ('GE Mass Quantity of matter in a body "( '2 E'/G /1(/F '3*A'/G E 4H/ Equation Statement in mathematics indicating the equality between two expressions ('FG /11'6'* F4'F /GF/G (1'(1 (F /H 9('1* D. Grammatical Point /13*H1 1'E1 Notice the following model of conditional sentences. E*H,G E/D ,EDG 21 E41H7 F3* Model: a. if one pound of any element were completely converted into energy, it would release the same amount of heat as the burning of1,500,00 tons of coal. b. One pound of any element, if completely converted into energy would release the same amount of heat as the burning of 1.500.00 tons of coal. '1 (7H1 'ED  ~HF/ '2G19F51 (G 'F1 *(/D 4H/. H"F 1'(G GE'F EB/'1 1E' (G "*4 4/F 1500000 *F 2:'D 3F 1' "2'/ E F/. People should try not to be wasteful of their natural resources. (96 '2 E1/E /1('1G EH'/ ~1E51A4'F '1G ' FE 'F/4F/. Compound: *1( Made up of two or more parts bronze is a compound of copper and tin. 3'.*G 4/G '2 /HB3E*(1F2 *1( '2 E3 HBD9 '3*. Convert: *(/D 'A*F Change something into something different certain elements can be converted into energy by splitting up their atoms. *:1 (96 2 G' /1(96 2G' E.*DA   -,E E9F 1' E*H'F/ *(/D 4H/  /1'F12 (G H3DG 4'A*F '*EG'4'F Generate: *HD/1/F Produce A hydroelectric power station generates electricity by converting power in one form into power in another form  '3*'G BH G/1H'D*1 *HD/ EF/ 'D*13*G (H3DG *(/D 1/F B/1* /1 B/1* /1 Calculate: -3'( 1/F Find out by working with numbers AGE/F (H3DG '1 (' 4E'14 Application /1.H'3*  *B'6' The act of putting something to use the application of scientific knowledge made it possible 9DE "'G /1('1G '-*E'D 'FG E1/E B/E E2FF/ /1E'G Declare '8G'1/'4*F Announce proclaim make something known the meeting was declared cancelled. "G H'9D'F 1/F H3'.*F (96 2G'  ,D3G D:H '9D'E 4/. Enormous (3'1 Much greater than the usual size or amount very large the flood caused an enormous amount of damage. 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